• Exclusive ECLIPSE architecture—a unique design by LECO that improves reliability and serviceability
• A variety of evacuated pin tubes and diffusible samplers for quick and easy hydrogen determination of molten metals
• Improved plumbing offers faster maintenance of flow path
• Easily accessible components to the operator thanks to ergonomic shells
• The state-of-the-art furnace control system allows for temperature ramping from ambient to 1100°C
• Optional diffusible sampler piercer—you have the choice of diffusible, residual/total hydrogen determination
• Gas dose calibration allows for calibration without reference materials

The DH603 determines the amount of residual (total) hydrogen—or diffusible and residual hydrogen with the optional piercer—in iron and ferrous alloys with a single instrument. The determinator features a user- friendly operating system and advanced furnace control.

Residual (total) hydrogen determination involves placing a pre-weighed sample into the furnace, allowing the hydrogen to be evolved by hot extraction into the flowing gas stream. Samples may be collected using a LECO vacuum pin tube or a similar technique. The hydrogen content is measured by a thermal conductivity detector. Final results are displayed in parts-per-million.

Diffusible and residual hydrogen determination involves placing a sampler in the optional piercing unit, which punctures the sampler, allowing the diffused molecular hydrogen to be purged into the carrier gas stream. The hydrogen is measured by a thermal conductivity detector. The sampler is then removed from the piercing unit and the outer shroud is removed, exposing a pin sample for residual hydrogen analysis. The sample is then weighed and placed into the resistance furnace, allowing the residual hydrogen to be introduced into the carrier gas stream by hot extraction. The hydrogen content is measured by a thermal conductivity detector. Final results are displayed in parts-per-million.

• High performance detector design
  • Thermostatic construction protects from ambient temperature fluctuations
  • Optimized emitter control and detection circuitry
• Choice of either argon and helium carrier gas
• Increase laboratory productivity with automation options
  • Available autocleaner minimizes the need for manual cleaning between analysis
  • 20-position shuttle loader for both crucibles and samples
• Boom-mounted touch-screen interface provides improved ergonomics and intuitive operation
• State-of-the-art infrared (IR) detection for oxygen determination and thermal conductivity (TC) detection of nitrogen

Applications

The 736 series is ideal for the following applications: inorganic materials, ferrous and nonferrous alloys, copper, aluminum, and refractory materials.

The ON736 Oxygen/Nitrogen system is designed for simultaneous measurement of oxygen and nitrogen content of steel and other inorganic materials. The instrument features custom software designed specifically for
touch operation.

A pre-weighed sample is placed in a graphite crucible which is heated in an impulse furnace to release analyte gases. Oxygen present in the sample reacts with the graphite crucible to form CO and CO₂. An inert gas carrier, typically helium, sweeps the liberated gases out of the furnace and through a Mass Flow Controller. The gas then flows through a heated reagent, where the CO is oxidized to form CO₂, and H₂ is oxidized to form H₂O. Oxygen is detected as CO₂ using a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) cell. CO₂ and H₂O are then scrubbed out of the carrier gas stream. A Thermal Conductivity (TC) detector is used to detect the remaining nitrogen.

The detection system is comprised of both NDIR and TC detectors. NDIR cells are based on the principle that analyte gas molecules absorb infrared (IR) energy at unique wavelengths within the IR spectrum. Incident IR energy at these wavelengths is absorbed as the gases pass through the IR absorption cells. TC detection takes advantage of the difference in thermal conductivity between carrier and analyte gases. Resistive TC filaments are placed in a flowing stream of carrier gas and heated by a bridge circuit. As analyte gas is introduced into the carrier stream, the rate at which heat transfers from the filaments will change producing a measurable deflection in the bridge circuit.

The concentration of an unknown sample is determined relative to calibration standards. To reduce interferences from instrument drift, reference measurements of pure carrier gas are made prior to each analysis.

• Complies with AWS (ANSI) approved method for Determination of Moisture Content of Welding Fluxes and Welding Electrode Flux Coverings
• Qualitative and quantitative analyses
• Easy-to-install combustion tube
• The large diameter reaction tube supports moisture analysis on a variety of sample types including powders, flat strips, or sections of tubes.
• Surface, Free, Organic, Inorganic carbon type differentiation
• Optional rugged 50-position autoloader for automated unattended operation
• On-board diagnostics to minimize downtime

The RC612 multiphase carbon and hydrogen/moisture determinator quantifies the carbon and water present in various organic and inorganic samples, and identifies the source of several types of carbon content.

The RC612 features a state-of-the-art furnace control system, which allows the temperature of the dual-stage furnace to be programmed from near-ambient to 1100 ^oC.

Depending on the application, multiple furnace steps can be programmed by the operator and the furnace purged with oxygen or nitrogen, creating oxidizing or inert conditions in which the carbon and water present is combusted or reacted. An afterburner furnace (nominally set to 850 °C) and a secondary oxidation catalyst are included in the flow path to ensure full combustion/reaction of all evolved components. Infrared detection is used to quantify the result either as a weight percentage or as a coating weight (mg/in²).

When combusted in an oxidizing atmosphere (O2), all forms of carbon (except some carbides such as SiC) are converted to CO₂. In contrast, organic forms of carbon produce both H₂O and CO₂. Thus the presence of organic carbon may be verified by finding coincident peaks in H₂O and CO₂. Water and carbonate are detected when the sample is combusted in an inert (N₂) atmosphere, with the furnace catalyst temperatures at 120 ^oC. In this mode, organic carbon is normally not detected. Additional sources of carbon can often be differentiated by the temperature at which they oxidize or volatilize.

A slow ramping temperature program, from 100 ^oC to 1000 ^oC at 20 ^oC/min, can be used for the analysis of unknown samples. This type of analysis can be used to indicate the temperatures at which the differing forms of carbon are oxidized, thereby enabling the operator to optimize the furnace temperature program to provide more rapid quantitative results for each form of carbon present in this sample type.

• High-frequency furnace
  • Integrated oxygen lance floods crucible with high-purity oxygen to promote complete combustion
  • 18 MHz, 2.2 kW induction furnace for rapid and consistent combustion
• Optional 10-and 60-sample autoloaders available for hours of worry-free operation
• High-velocity vacuum system keeps dust and debris contained
• Improved IR cell design
  • Temperature stabilized construction provides increased protection from ambient temperature fluctuations
  • Optimized emitter control and detection circuitry improves IR cell lifetime and long-term stability

Applications

The 744 series is ideal for the following applications: primary steels, ores, finished metals, ceramics, and other inorganic materials.

The CS744 carbon/sulfur analyzer is designed for wide-range measurement of carbon and sulfur content of metals, ores, ceramics, and other inorganic materials. The instrument features custom software designed specifically for touch operation.

A pre-weighed sample of approximately 1 gram is combusted in a stream of oxygen using RF induction to heat the sample. Carbon and sulfur present in the sample are oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO₂) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and swept by the oxygen carrier through a drying reagent and then through a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) cell, where sulfur is detected as SO₂. The gas flow continues past a heated catalyst, where carbon monoxide (CO) is converted to CO₂ and where SO₂ is converted to sulfur trioxide (SO₃), which is subsequently removed by a filter. Carbon is then detected as CO₂ by another NDIR cell. A pressure controller is used to maintain constant pressure in the NDIR cells so as to reduce interference from natural variations in atmospheric pressure. The final component in the flow stream is an electronic flow sensor, which is used for diagnostic purposes to monitor the carrier flow.

Non-dispersive infrared cells are based on the principle that CO₂ and SO₂ absorb infrared (IR) energy at unique wavelengths within the IR spectrum. Incident IR energy at these wavelengths is absorbed as the gases pass through IR absorption cells. The concentration of unknown samples is determined relative to calibration standards. To reduce interferences from instrument drift, reference measurements of pure carrier gas are made prior to each analysis.

• Maximize laboratory productivity with automation
  • 10- and 60-position shuttle loaders or integrated robotic process loaders available.
  • High-efficiency autocleaner/vacuum system keeps maintenance to a minimum
  • Automatic combustion tube service and exchange system
• Ergonomic, operator-centered design with a boom-mounted touch-screen interface
• Improved IR cell design provides dual-range detection and improved lifetime and stability
• High-efficiency furnace with low-maintenance design reduces the need for additional accelerant and cleaning

Applications

The 844 series is ideal for the following applications: primary steels, ores, finished metals, ceramics, alloys, and other inorganic materials.

The CS844 Carbon/Sulfur system is designed for wide-range measurement of carbon and sulfur content of metals, ores, ceramics, and other inorganic materials. The instrument features custom software designed specifically for touch operation.

A pre-weighed sample of approximately 1 gram is combusted in a stream of purified oxygen using RF induction to heat the sample. Carbon and sulfur present in the sample are oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO₂) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and swept by the oxygen carrier through a heated dust filter, a drying reagent, and then through two non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) cells, where sulfur is detected as SO₂. The gas flow continues past a heated catalyst, where carbon monoxide (CO) is converted to CO₂ and where SO₂ is converted to sulfur trioxide (SO₃), which is subsequently removed by a filter. Carbon is then detected as CO₂ by a second pair of NDIR cells. A pressure controller is used to maintain constant pressure in the NDIR cells so as to reduce interference from natural variations in atmospheric pressure. The final component in the flow stream is an electronic flow sensor, which is used for diagnostic purposes to monitor the carrier flow.

Non-dispersive infrared cells are based on the principle that CO₂ and SO₂ absorb infrared (IR) energy at unique wavelengths within the IR spectrum. Incident IR energy at these wavelengths is absorbed as the gases pass through IR absorption cells. Since absorption is dependent upon the path length, short and long path-length IR cells are provided for measurement of high and low range signals. The software automatically selects which cell to use for optimum measurement. The concentration of unknown samples is determined relative to calibration standards. To reduce interferences from instrument drift, reference measurements of pure carrier gas are made prior to each analysis.

• Maximize laboratory productivity with unmatched sample throughput
  • Rapid cycle time of 5 minutes
  • Sample mass: Up to 3.0 g for nitrogen (FP) (1.0 g nominal); up to 1.0 g for carbon/nitrogen (0.5 g nominal); up to 0.3 g for carbon/nitrogen/sulfur (0.2 g nominal)
  • Optional 100-sample position autoloader for sequential and non-sequential analysis
• Ergonomic, operator-centered design with boom-mounted touch-screen interface
• Easy access to all reagent tubes and common maintenance areas for simplified maintenance
• Extended reagent lifetimes contribute to a low cost-per-analysis
• Horizontal furnace design with maximum temperatures up to 1450^oC ensure complete oxidation of samples
• Expanded furnace efficiency and reliability with a regent-free design

Applications

The 928 series is ideal for the following applications: Meats, Feeds, Forage, Pet Foods, Grains, Milled Products, Starch, Fermentation Products, Dairy and Cheese Products, Soils, Sediments, Fertilizers, Plant Tissue, Filtration Media, Waste Materials, Fiber and Textiles, Resins and Polymers, Paper Products, and Petroleum Products and Additives

The 928 series determines nitrogen/protein, carbon/nitrogen, or carbon/nitrogen/sulfur in a multitude of organic matrices from foods and feeds, to soils and fertilizers. The system utilizes a high temperature horizontal ceramic combustion furnace designed to handle macro sample mass with a rapid analysis time delivering unsurpassed application capabilities and throughput.

To start an analysis, a macro-sized sample is weighed into a ceramic boat and placed in the 100-position loader. A fully automated analysis sequence transfers the sample to a sealed purge chamber, where entrained atmospheric gas is removed. The purged sample is transferred automatically to the furnace, which can be operated at temperatures from 1100 °C to 1450 °C. To ensure complete and rapid combustion (oxidation) of the sample, the furnace environment is composed of pure oxygen with a secondary oxygen flow directed to the sample via a ceramic lance. The combustion gases are swept from the furnace through a thermoelectric cooler (nitrogen/protein and carbon/nitrogen models), or an anhydrone reagent (carbon/nitrogen/sulfur model), to remove moisture, and collected in a thermostatically controlled ballast volume. The gases equilibrate and mix in the ballast before a representative aliquot of the gas is extracted and introduced into a flowing stream of inert gas for analysis. Depending upon the analyzer model, the aliquot gas is carried to a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) cell for the detection of carbon (as carbon dioxide) and sulfur (as sulfur dioxide), and a thermal conductivity cell (TC) to detect nitrogen (N₂). Unlike NDIR cells, TC cells are chemically non-specific, so a series of reagents and scrubbers are used to ensure quantitative detection of N₂ without chemical interference. A heated reduction tube, filled with copper, is used to convert nitrogen oxide species (NO_x) to N₂ and to remove excess oxygen. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is removed by LECOSORB and water (H₂O) is removed by Anhydrone.

Careful sequencing of the analysis by the Cornerstone^® brand software provides maximum sample throughput by interleaving the sample loading sequence with quantitation of the aliquot gases from the previous sample. As soon as the combustion gas is collected in the ballast, and the analysis sequence is initiated for the next sample.

The determined composition of the sample is displayed by Cornerstone in weight percent or parts-per-million but can be displayed in other custom units if preferred.

Many diagnostic sensing capabilities are included in the 928 Series analyzer. Multiple Pressure Transducers (PT) to ensure the presence of sufficient oxygen and helium, and provide the ability to leak check individual segments of the flow path. Digital Mass Flow Controllers (MFC's) are used to control and measure critical flows of oxygen and helium. Thermal sensors and heaters are used to thermostatically control the temperature of critical components such as the furnace, the ballast, the dose loop, the helium MFC, the NDIR cell, and the TC cell.

• An optional autoloader will streamline your lab
  • 100-sample capacity autoloader with rugged design for improved reliability
  • Simplifies operator workflow and delivers repeatable rapid analysis cycle times
• Improved IR cell for increased stability and precision
  • Individual wide-range IR detection for both carbon and sulfur
  • Improved IR cell temperature control, isolation, and circuitry
  • Optional dual-range (DR) detection for sulfur for the widest sulfur range capability
• Easy to access maintenance areas
• High-efficiency furnace system design with intelligent control can reach 1550ºC

Applications

The 832 series is ideal for the following applications: Coal and Coke, Combustion Residues, Biomass Materials, Catalyst Materials, Cement, Soil and Ore Materials, Ceramics, Glass, Gypsum and Building Materials, Hydrated Lime and Cement, Fertilizer, Feeds and Plant Tissue Materials, Rubber, Resins and Polymers, Graphite, and Petroleum Products and Additives

The efficiency and speed of the TruSpec Micro CHN and CHNS is a result of the unique combination of a flow-through carrier gas system used in conjunction with individual highly selective, infrared (IR) and thermal conductivity detection systems.

A weighed micro sample is placed into the autoloader of the TruSpec Micro and is automatically dropped into the high-temperature combustion furnace, allowing the sample to combust. This combustion converts carbon to CO₂, hydrogen to H₂O, nitrogen to N₂, and sulfur to SO₂. The combustion gases are swept from the furnace, through scrubbing reagents, and onto the detection systems as they are being released. Independent IR detectors are used for simultaneous detection of carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur. Nitrogen is measured using a thermal conductivity detection system. The entire analysis cycle is complete in approximately 4 minutes.

The optional micro oxygen add-on module enables the TruSpec Micro to determine oxygen content in organic matrices and is compatible with the both the TruSpec Micro CHN and CHNS models. Samples being analyzed for oxygen are placed into the autoloader of the micro oxygen add-on module and automatically dropped into a high-temperature pyrolysis furnace. The oxygen released during pyrolysis of the sample reacts with a carbon-rich environment in the furnace to form CO. The CO is swept from the furnace and converted to CO₂ before measurement via infrared detector (approximately 1 minute analysis time).